"A writing system is a method of visually representing verbal communication. While both writing and speech are useful in conveying messages, writing differs in also being ...
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a reliable form of information storage and transfer. Writing systems require shared understanding between writers and readers of the meaning behind the sets of characters that make up a script. Writing is usually recorded onto a durable medium, such as paper or electronic storage, although non-durable methods may also be used, such as writing on a computer display, on a blackboard, in sand, or by skywriting. Reading a text can be accomplished purely in the mind as an internal process, or expressed orally." - (en.wikipedia.org 17.09.2019)